Wright, Thomas. A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art. ("The orginal text is reprinted from
the London edition of 1865 from a copy in the collections of The New
York Public Library Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.") New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1968. 508pp.
Preface to the New Edition ...v
Introduction: The Meaning of the Grotesque - Frances K. Barash ... vi
Errata ... lix
Preface ... lxiii
Contents ... lxix
CHAPTER I ... 1
Origin of caricature and
grotesque - Spirit of caricature in Egypt - Monsters: Python and Gorgon
- Greece - The Dionysiac ceremonies, and origins of the drama - The old
comedy - Love of parody - Parodies on subjects taken from Grecian
mythology: The visit to the lover; Apollo at Delphi - The partiality of
parody continued among the Romans: The flight of the Aeneas
CHAPTER II ... 23
Origin of the stage in
Rome - Uses of the mask among the Romans - Scenes from the Roman comedy
- The Sannio and Mimus - The Roman drama - The Roman satirists
-Caricature - Animals introduced in the characters of men - The
Pigmies, and their introduction into caricature; The farm-yard; The
painter's studio; The procession - Political caricature in Pompeii; The
graffiti
CHAPTER III ... 40
The period of transition
from antiquity to the Middle Ages - The Roman Mimi continued to exist -
The Teutonic after-dinner entertainments - Clerical satires: Archbishop
Heriger and the dreamer; The supper of the Saints - Tansition from
ancient to medieval art - Taste for monstrous animals, dragons, etc.;
Church of San Fedele, at Como - Spirit of caricature and love of
grotesque among the Anglo-Saxons - Grotesque figures of demons -
Natural tendency of the early medieval arists to draw in caricature -
Examples from early manuscripts and sculptures
CHAPTER IV ... 61
The diabolical in
literature - Medieval love of the ludicrous - Causes which made it
influence the notions of demons - Stories of the pious painter and the
erring monk - Darkness and ugliness caricatured - The demons in the
miracle plays - The demons of Notre Dame
CHAPTER V ... 75
Employment of animals in
medieval satire - Popularity of fables; Odo de Cirington - Reynard the
fox - Burnellus and Fauvel - The Charivari - Le monde bestorne -
Encaustic tiles - Shoeing the goose, and feeding pigs with roses -
Satirical signs; The mustard maker
CHAPTER VI ... 95
The monkey on burlesquee
and caricature - Tournaments and single combats - Monstrous
combinations of animal forms - Caricatures on costume - The hat - Te
helmet - Ladies' head-dresses - The gown, and its long sleeves
CHAPTER VII ... 106
Preservation of the
character of the Mimus after the fall of the empire - The minstrel and
the jogelour - History of popular stories -The fabliaux - Account of them - The contes devots
CHAPTER VIII ... 118
Caricatures of domestic
life - State of domestic life in the middle ages - Examples of domestic
ccaricature from the carving sof the misereres - Kitchen scenes -
Domestic brawls - The fight for the breeches - The judicial duel
between man and wife among the germans - Allusions to witchcraft -
Satires on the trades: The baker, the miller, the wine-pedlar and the
tavern-keeper, the ale-wife, etc.
CHAPTER IX ... 144
Grotesqe faces and
figures - Prevalence of the taste for ugy and grotesque faces - Some of
the popular forms derived from antiquity: The otngue lolling out, and
the distorted mouth - Horrible subjects: The man and the serpents -
Allegorical figures: Gluttony and luxury - Other representations of
clerical gluttony and drunkenness - Grotesque figures of individuals,
and grotesque groups - ornament sof the borders of books -
Unintentional caricature; the mote and the beam
CHAPTER X ... 159
Satitrical literature in
the middle ages - John de Hauteville and Alan de Lille - Golias and the
Goliards - The Golliardic poetry - Taste for parody - Parodies on
religious subjects - Political caricature in the middle ages - The Jews
of Norwich - Caricature representations of countries - Local Satire -
Political songs and poems
CHAPTER XI ... 188
Minstrelsy a subject of
burlesque and caricature - Character of the minstrels - Their jokes
upon themselves and upon one another - Various musical instruments
represented in the sculptures of the medieval artists - Sir Matthew
Gournay and the ring of Portugal - Discredit of the tabor and bagpipes
- Mermaids
CHAPTER XII ... 200
The court fool - The
Normans and their gabs - Early history of court fools - Their costume -
Carvings in the Cornish churches -The burlesque societies of the middle
ages - The feasts of asses, and of fools - Theor license - The leaden
money of the fools - The bishop's blessing
CHAPTER XIII ... 214
The dance of death - The
paintings in the chuch of La Chaise Dieu - The reign of folly -
Sebastian Brandt; The ship of fools - Disturbers of Church service -
Troublesome beggars - Geilor's sermons - Radius, and his ship of
foolish women - The pleasures of smell - Erasmus; the praise of folly
CHAPTER XIV ... 228
Popular
literature and its heroes; Brother Rush, Tyll Eulenspiegel, the Wise
Men of Gotham - Stories and jest-books - Skelton, Scogin, Tarlton, Peele
CHAPTER XV ... 244
The age of the
Reformation - Thomas Murner; his general satires - Fruitfulness of
folly - Hans Sachs - The trap for fools - Attacks on Luther - The Pope
as antichrist - The pope-ass and the monk-calf - Other caricatures
against the Pope - The good and bad shepherds
CHAPTER XVI ... 264
Origin of
medieval farce and modern comedy - Hrothsvitha - Medieval notions of
Terrence - The early religious plays - Mysteries and miracle plays -
The farces - The drama in the Sixteenth Century
CHAPTER XVII ... 288
Diablerie in
the Sixteenth Century - Early types of the diabolical forms - St.
Anthony - St. Guthlac - Revival of the taste for such subjects in the
beginning od the Sixteenth Century - The Flemish schhol of Breughel -
The French and Italian schools - Callot, Salvator Rosa
CHAPTER XVIII ... 300
Callot and his
school - Callot's romantic history - His "Caprichi," and other
burlesque works - The "Balli" and the beggars - Imitators of Callot;
Della Bella - Examples of Della Bella - Romain de Hooghe
CHAPTER XIX ... 312
The satirical
literature of the Sicteenth Century - Pasquil - Macaronic poetry - The
Epistolae Obscurorum Vivorum - Rabelais - Court of the Queen of
Navarre, and its literary circle; Bonaventure des Perriers - Henri
Etienne - The Ligue, and its satire; The "Satire Menippe"
CHAPTER XX ... 347
Political
caricature in its infancy - The Reveres du Jeu des Suyesses -
Caricature in France - The Three Orders - Period of the Ligue;
Caricatures against Henri III. - Caricatures against the Ligue -
Caricature in France in the Seventeenth Century - Genral galas - The
quarrel of ambassadors - Caricature against Louis XIV; Willima of
Furstemberg
CHAPTER XXI ... 360
Early political
caricature in England - The satirical writings and pictures of the
Commonwealth period - Satires against the bishops; Bishop Williams -
Caricatures on the Cavaliers; Sir John Suckling - The Roaring Boys;
Violence of the Royalist soldiers - Contest between the Presbyterians
and Independents - Grinding the King's nose - Playing-cards used as the
medium for caricature; Haselrigge and Lambert - Shrovetide
CHAPTER XXII ... 375
English comedy - Ben Jonson -
The other writers of his school - Interruption of dramatic performances
- Comedy after the Restoration - The Howards Brothers: The Duke of
Buckingham; The Rehersal - Writers of comedy in the latter part of the
Seventeenth Century - Indececy of the stage - Colley Cibber - Foote
CHAPTER XXIII ... 406
Caricature in Holland - Romain
de Hooghe - The Englosh revolution - Caricatures of Louis XIV. and
James II. - Dr. Sacheverell- Caricature brought from Holland to England
- Origin of the word "caricature" - Mississippi and the South Sea; The
Year of Bubbles
CHAPTER XXIV ... 420
English caricature in the age
of George II. - English printsellers - Artists employed by them - Sir
Robert Walpole's long ministry - The war with France - The Newcastle
administration - Opera intrigues - Ascension of George III., and Lord
Bute in power
CHAPTER XXV ... 434
Hogarth - His early history -
His sets of pictures - The Harlot's Progress - The Rake's Progress -
The Marriage a ala Mode - His other prints - The analysis of beauty,
and the persecution arising out of it - His patronage by Lord Bute -
Caricature of the times - Attacks to which he was exposed by it, and
which hastened his death
CHAPTER XXVI ... 450
The lesser caricaturists of the
reign of King George III. - Paul Sandby - Collet: The Disaster, and
Father Paul in his Cups - James Sayer: His caricatures in support of
Pitt, and his reward - Carlo Kahn's triumph - Bunbury's: His
caricatures on horsemanship - Woodward: General complaint -
Rowlandson's influence on the style of those whose designs he etched -
John Kay of Edinburgh: Looking a Rock in the Face
CHAPTER XXVII ... 464
Gillray - His first attempts -
His caricatures begin with the Shelburne ministry - Impeachment of
Warren Hastings - Caricatures on the King; New Way to Pay the National
Debt - Alleged reasons for Gillray's hostility to the King - The King
and the Apple-Dumplings - Gillray's later labours - His idiotcy and
death
CHAPTER XXVIII ... 480
Gillray's caricatures on social
life - Thomas Rowlandson - His early life - He becomes a caricaturist -
His style and works - His drawings - The Cruikshanks
Index to Names and Titles ... 495